Australia's new Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd, honoured a pre-election pledge when, yesterday in the Australian Parliament, he publicly apologised to the Aboriginal nation for the policy which dishonoured Australia for a century, that of forcibly removing Aboriginal children from their tribal homes and placing them with white families or in orphanages in order to create a new assimilated race of Australians. It is estimated that 100, 000 children were taken in this way, regardless of the distress and misery caused to their natural parents.

Rudd's predecessor, John Howard, refused to take this step arguing that what was past was past and, instead, simply offered a statement of 'regret'. The Howard government was also concerned that any formal apology might open the government up to all sorts of legal claims.
Rudd has taken a different view - and it's one for which he should be soundly applauded. It's not everything the Aborigines wanted and in fact Rudd's government is resisting calls for huge amounts of financial compensation for past misdeeds.
But it's a start towards assimilating the Aboriginal nation into the nation state, making them feel like citizens of Australia at last. He has promised to enrol every Aboriginal child into school and an accelerated numeracy and literacy programme. He has promised to do more in the area of health care to reduce the obscenely high infant mortality rate among Aboriginal children.
These are great promises - but Kevin Rudd has to deliver or start the process at least or the warm feelings towards him after his speech yesterday will be obliterated in cynicism and contempt.
Rudd has recognised quite openly what he describes as the 'contempt' between the indigenous and non-indigenous peoples of Australia and has pledged to try and eliminate that. It is a tough ask and he has a lot of work ahead of him. But I admire his attitudes and where he is coming from, and he deserves the support of the whole nation.
I have visited Australia and the situation for many Aboriginals is dreadful. Many were brought into the towns to help with building projects and , when the work was over, they were simply left there out of their tribal homelands, with no roots and no real direction. They get access to alcohol and drink it to excess to drown out the depression and the misery - and then they get violent. I remember visiting Cairns in Queensland and being told, along with the other tourists in our hotel, to be careful going into town past the Aboriginal settlements on the outskirts. If you see men hitting their women with sticks, we were told, don't get involved. It's a regular occurrence.
The Aboriginal leaders know what happens when their men are left with no sense of belonging and plenty of booze and have worked to try and help with the problem. The situation for urban Aboriginals is a blot on Australia. 25% of Aboriginal men in the cities have severe mental health problems caused by the stress of trying to cope in an alien environment. Aboriginal males have a very high suicide rate. Much of this has been due to a complete lack of a social structure in which Aboriginals who moved to the towns for work could live, allied to the disgraceful forced assimilation policy to which I referred earlier. Of course, as is common among all deprived peoples, there is a high correlation between mental illness, substance abuse and criminal behaviour.
Kevin Rudd has a massive task to redress all these situations and it would be a real pie in the sky optimist to believe that he will sort them all - and maybe the problems of todays Aboriginal adults are too far gone in many cases.
But he is right to start with the children. To try and give them an education and a health system which is the right of every white Australian. He has not promised the earth nor indeed committed Australia to everything asked for by Aboriginal leaders. But he has made a brave start in recognising grievous past wrongs and he deserves to have the good will of every Australian in his efforts to build on that apology and the consequent promises of a better future for the Aboriginal people